
Sun Tzu 
was recognized as the author who penned the famous
The Art of War 
two thousands and five hundred years ago.
Although known worldwide as
Sun Tzu
, the author of The Art of War, this was not his real name.
His family name is Sun, and Tzu is an honorific title in classic Chinese, like the use of Sir.
In ancient China, there are three parts to a name. Sun is his family name. Wu is his real name. Chang Qing is his style name.

In this article, to avoid confusion,
Sun Tzu
is used and treated as his name.
Sun Tzu was born around 535 BCE in the state of Qin. The exact year, month and day of his birth was not known. He was born during the period in history known as the Warring States.
That was the time when the central government did not have much power, and the warlords fought with each other for land and money.
Sun Tzu was born into a rich family. His father was a high ranking officer serving the king of Qin. Sun Tzu had the opportunity to study ancient writings. He took an interest in reading books on war strategies.
During the Warring States, regional wars were frequent. Hardly a year passed without any war. Sun Tzu had a lot of opportunities to hear war reports, and to analyze the war strategies employed by different generals.
When he was 18 years old, he was disgusted with the internal turmoil among the royal family in the state of Qin. He decided to leave the state of Qin, and to serve the king of Wu instead.
When he reached the state of Wu, he befriended Wu Zixu. Wu Zixu became a trusted advisor to the king of Wu. He highly recommended Sun Tzu as military advisor, so that the king of Wu would conquer all the other states, and consolidated his power. The king of Wu agreed to meet Sun Tzu.
By then, Sun Tzu had written part of The Art of War. The king of Wu was impressed with the writings, but not convinced of Sun Tzu’s ability to command the army.
He decided to test Sun Tzu. He asked Sun Tzu to demonstrate his leadership skill by training 360 of his concubines. It was a tough job. All the ladies were giggling and treating it as a game.
Sun Tzu laid down the military laws. He asked them to acknowledge the laws and to clarify any doubt. All the ladies answered that they understand. Sun Tzu appointed the king of Wu’s favorite concubines as the leaders. The ladies were formed into two platoons.
He gave the command to turn right. The ladies were either talking or giggling and not acting accordingly to order.
Sun Tzu repeated the military laws. The ladies repeated their acknowledgments. However, they were still giggling and not acting according to order.
Sun Tzu ordered the execution of the leaders. The king of Wu had a shock when he heard this. These two ladies were his favorite concubines. He begged for mercy, saying “I know your ability and do not need you to continue the training. These 2 ladies are my favorite concubines. If you kill them, I will have a miserable time enjoying my meals.”
Sun Tzu refused and told the king: “A general has the right to refuse the king’s order when he is on duty. A general is responsible for the soldiers under his charge. He has to do what is best for the army, and fulfilled his duty as the appointed general for the country.”
After the two ladies were beheaded, all the ladies were so obedient that they marched according to order, and became exemplary “soldiers”.
The king of Wu was a wise ruler. Even though he was angry with Sun Tzu for beheading his concubines, he recognized that Sun Tzu’s ability was useful to him. He appointed Sun Tzu as the Commander, in charge of all his armies in 512 BCE.
Sun Tzu proved his worth. In 506 BCE, he defeated armies from the state of Chu. Chu was a much powerful state with 200,000 soldiers. Sun Tzu led his 30,000 soldiers and defeated state of Chu, forcing the king of Chu to flee from the capital.
When the king of Wu passed away, his son became the new king. His son was not a good king. He was arrogant and preferred to spend his time with his concubines.
Sun Tzu knew that the new king would not listen to him, so he left quietly and retired to the mountain.
He spent his remaining life polishing his initial draft of The Art of War. The completed 13 chapters of the book were passed down through the generations. This book was widely used and quoted throughout the history of China. It is still the widely quoted strategy book for fighting the commercial battle.
The Art of War was translated into English as early as 1910 by Lionel Giles. The copyrights for both the Chinese and English versions have expired, and available for download at Project Gutenberg.